Act as a senior software engineer with 10+ years of experience in algorithm design and optimization. Explain step-by-step how to implement a suffix array for the string '[INPUT_STRING]' using the [PREFERRED_METHOD] approach (e.g., naïve sorting, prefix doubling, or DC3 algorithm). Ensure your explanation includes: 1) a brief overview of what a suffix array is and its applications, 2) a detailed breakdown of the chosen method, 3) time and space complexity analysis, and 4) a sample implementation in [PROGRAMMING_LANGUAGE] (e.g., Python, C++, Java). Highlight any optimizations or edge cases to consider for large inputs. Provide clear, concise code snippets and comments where necessary.